介紹
歡迎來到生物學 101：基礎知識。
生物學線上教學 旨在向您介紹生物學的基礎知識。我們將涵蓋生物學中的一些主要主題，例如細胞結構、遺傳學和進化。您還將開始學習生態學和種群活動——研究物種之間及其環境如何隨著時間的推移而相互作用。
生物學概述
Biology is the study of life. As such, it’s a broad field that covers everything from how cells work to how plants and animals reproduce. This can be divided into many different subtopics: biochemistry (how chemicals interact with each other), genetics (how genes influence traits in organisms), ecology (how populations interact with their environment), anatomy (the structure of an organism), physiology (how an organism functions) and others.
Biology is an important science because it helps us understand our world better–including how diseases spread through populations or why certain animals are endangered–and gives us tools we can use to solve problems like climate change or food security issues. It’s also useful for anyone interested in medicine since this area studies human health on both a macroscopic level (e.g., anatomy) as well as microscopic level (e.g., biochemistry).
生物學主要議題
Biology is the study of life. It’s a science and an applied field, but it can also be considered a multidisciplinary field that includes chemistry, physics and mathematics.
Biological science is an experimental science because it relies on observation and experimentation to test hypotheses about how living organisms work. Observational science involves observing natural phenomena without interfering with them; this type of research does not involve any manipulation or alteration of the subject being observed (though sometimes observational studies do involve collecting data from dead specimens).
該細胞
您可能想知道“什麼是細胞？”細胞是生命的最小單位。它由三個部分組成：
- 細胞核含有 DNA 和其他使細胞正常運作的重要分子。
- 細胞質（包圍細胞核的果凍狀物質）。當需要幫助移動細胞內部或外部的物體時（例如當你走路時），細胞的這一部分可以改變形狀。
- 將身體組織內（或不同類型的組織之間）的一個部分與另一個部分分開的膜。
遺傳與進化
Genetics is the study of heredity, or the passing of traits from one generation to the next. Heredity can be physical, behavioral, or biochemical–any type of inherited trait.
Genetics is often confused with evolution (which we’ll get into later). While genetics does explain how species change over time and adapt to their environments, it doesn’t explain why these changes happen in certain ways. That’s where evolution comes in!
生態與人口活動
One of the most important aspects of biology is ecology, the study of populations. A species’ population is simply the number of individuals in that species living in a particular area, and an area’s population is the total number of individuals from all species living there.
Ecology can be broken down into four main areas:
- 人口生態學研究人口如何隨著時間的推移而增長、減少、移動和變化；例如，是什麼導致了數字的變化？這對其他生物有何影響？
- 生態系 生態學著重於生態系如何協同運作以及單獨運作－當某一部分崩潰或改變時會發生什麼？
- 物種相互作用著眼於不同物種在其環境中如何相互作用——它們是相互競爭還是相互合作？為什麼有些動物會吃其他動物，而有些動物卻完全避開它們！
本節是對生物學重要主題的快速回顧，以幫助您了解有關該主題的更多資訊。
Biology is the study of life. It’s a science, not a philosophy, so it uses the scientific method to study living organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment. The field of biology covers everything from the smallest microbe to whales and elephants–and everything in between!
The study of biology involves:
- 了解所有生物都以各種方式相互影響以及與環境相互作用（它們可能會爭奪食物或住所；它們可能會共享水等資源；它們甚至可以在困難時期互相幫助）。
結論
所以你就擁有了！快速概述生物學中一些最重要的主題。我們希望這可以幫助您更好地了解主題的基礎知識，甚至可能想在自己的時間裡了解更多有關這些主題的資訊。
