介紹

導致學生在課堂上缺乏積極性的原因有很多。有些學生可能有學習障礙，發現很難理解所教的材料。其他人可能會感到被老師孤立或低估，而還有一些人可能只是對他們所學的東西感到無聊。但即使你不認為學生缺乏動力對你作為老師來說是一個問題（我希望不是！），還有其他原因可以解釋正增強比負增強更好：

負強化和正強化之間的區別

The difference between negative and positive reinforcement is that the former involves taking away something a student doesn’t like, while the latter involves providing a reward for performing a task. For example, if you have an essay due in class and your professor gives you an “A” on it, then this is positive reinforcement because it provides a reward for completing your assignment. On the other hand, if your teacher threatens to give everyone zeros unless they finish their work by tomorrow morning–and then follows through with this threat–this would be an instance of negative reinforcement because he or she took away something unpleasant (i.e., no grades) after students completed their assignments on time. While both types of motivation work well when used correctly by teachers and parents alike; there are some distinct advantages associated with using positive reinforcement over its counterpart:

正強化的優點

正向增強是鼓勵學生良好行為的最佳方式。原因如下：

• 正強化比負強化更有效。正增強可以用來增加期望行為的頻率，而負增強只有在與不愉快的事情搭配時才會起作用（例如，如果你說謊，你就必須寫下台詞）。此外，正向增強往往比任何其他類型的獎勵或懲罰更容易被記住。這意味著當您對良好行為使用正面回饋時，學生會記住它並下次更加努力！
• 學生更有可能重複對他們有用的事情；因此，我們應該為學生提供盡可能多的機會，讓他們每天在學校都感到成功。

如何在課堂上使用正向增強

Positive reinforcement is a reward for good behavior. It can be verbal or non-verbal, such as praise, applause and encouragement. Verbal responses include “good job”, “Awesome!”, and “You’re doing great!”. Non-verbal responses include giving the student a high five or patting them on the back while saying something like “I’m proud of you!” Positive reinforcement should be used in moderation because too much positive reinforcement will reduce its effectiveness as a reward. In addition to being used as a reward for good behavior, positive reinforcement can also be used when students are struggling with an assignment or task by providing encouragement that they will be able to succeed if they try hard enough (e.g., “I know this is difficult but I have faith in you!”).

學生更容易受到正向增強而非負向強化的激勵。

In order to motivate students, it is important to understand the role of positive reinforcement in student motivation. It is true that negative reinforcement can be effective in motivating students, but it can also have negative effects on them. For example, if you give your student a grade for doing something wrong or poorly done and expect him/her not to repeat such behavior again in future exams then this method will not work well because the student will feel frustrated and upset when he/she knows that his hard work was not acknowledged by anyone else except himself/herself (if at all). Instead of using punishments or threats as a way to motivate students into doing better next time around try using positive rewards instead; this will encourage them even further, making sure they keep up with their good habits without feeling like they are being punished for something they did wrong earlier on in life.”

結論

正增強是一種強大的工具，可以在課堂上使用來激勵學生學習和取得成就。重要的是要記住，正增強與負增強不同，因為它不使用懲罰或威脅作為激勵學生的主要方法。相反，積極強化使用讚美和激勵來鼓勵學生實現他們的目標。