介绍
批判性思维是一项重要的技能，应该在学校和家里学习。批判性思维不仅仅是理解考试的材料；它还意味着能够有效地处理信息，评估自己和他人的想法，并根据你所知道的内容做出正确的决定。作为教育工作者，我们希望我们的学生能够培养这些技能，因为它们将在他们一生中帮助他们解决大大小小的问题。但我们如何才能做到这一点呢？以下是教师可以帮助学生培养批判性思维技能的一些方法：
1.帮助您的孩子识别逻辑谬误。
Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning. They’re common in arguments and can be used to manipulate people, but they don’t necessarily have any bearing on the truthfulness or strength of an argument itself.
One example of this is ad hominem–arguing against someone’s character rather than their ideas. If you say “you’re wrong because you’re selfish,” that doesn’t mean anything about whether or not what you said was true! Another example is straw man: misrepresenting someone else’s argument so that it can easily be refuted (and therefore make yourself look smarter). For example: “I don’t think we should spend money on helping poor people because they’ll just spend it all on alcohol.” This might sound like a good argument at first glance–after all, isn’t there some truth to it? But really all this person has done here is take an idea from another person’s perspective and twisted it into something else entirely so that he/she can attack an easier target instead of challenging his/her actual point of view directly (and maybe even learn something new).
2. 教他们探索问题的各个方面。
Teach your students to explore all sides of an issue.
You can do this by asking them to come up with a list of pros and cons, or the advantages and disadvantages of something. Explain that there are always multiple points of view on any issue, and that it’s important to understand both sides before making decisions or judgments about what is true or false.
3.帮助他们批判性地思考他们所消费的媒体。
Media literacy, or the ability to critically analyze and evaluate media, is an important skill for students to develop. In order to help them do this, you should encourage them to ask questions about how the media is biased and what kinds of messages it sends. They should also learn how to analyze these messages so they can make informed decisions based on their own critical thinking skills instead of just following along with what they see in the news or on social media sites like Facebook or Twitter.
You should also teach students how they can use the media effectively in their own lives: for example, if you want people who are watching your movie trailer online (or even better yet at home) will then go out buy tickets for opening day!
4. 挑战学生的想法，然后让他们用更好的想法回应。
为了帮助学生培养批判性思维技能，你必须首先教会他们接受批评。你可以鼓励他们思考自己的想法以及如何改进它们（例如，使用苏格拉底式方法）。鼓励学生开放态度的另一种方法是使用同行评审或评分标准，这样他们就可以从彼此的错误和成功中学习。
5. 要求你的学生明确他们自己的问题并自己找到解决方案。
As you can see, critical thinking is an important skill to develop in students. The best way to do this is by encouraging them to think critically about their own lives and problems.
In order for students to develop critical thinking skills, they need opportunities where they can practice them. One great way of doing this is by asking your students: “What’s the problem?” or “How can we solve this?” You could also ask them what they think would happen if they did something differently next time around.
6. 经常对作业、论文和考试给予反馈，以强化您希望他们在课堂和家里培养的技能。
- 经常对作业、论文和考试给予反馈，以强化您希望他们在课堂和家里培养的技能。
- 确保定期（每季度至少一次）提供反馈。
- 重点评论学生作业的优点和缺点，而不是仅仅告诉他们哪些做对了，哪些做错了。这有助于学生了解如何改进自己的作业。
培养批判性思维技能是教导学生如何以各种方式进行批判性思考的重要组成部分
Critical thinking is an important part of teaching students how to think critically in a variety of ways. Students need critical thinking skills to be successful in school, college, and life. Critical thinking helps them think more clearly and make better decisions. It also helps them be more creative and innovative.
By developing these skills during the early years, you can help your child develop a lifelong love of learning that will benefit them throughout their educational career (and beyond).
总结
培养学生批判性思维技能的最佳方法是帮助他们识别逻辑谬误、探索问题的各个方面、批判性地思考他们使用的媒体并挑战自己的想法。您还可以经常对作业、论文和考试进行反馈，以强化您希望他们在课堂和家中培养的技能
